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Causes of Recurrent Infections
Leo Leonidas MD, FAAP
Why Have a List of Differential Diagnosis?
It is important for clinicians to frequently refer
to a list of differential diagnosis so they could
ask good questions from the patient or parent. A
list of different causes of diseases will also help
reduce errors in diagnosis.
CAUSES OF RECURRENT INFECTIONS
ANATOMIC AND PHYSICAL PROBLEMS
PULMONARY DISORDERS
Bronchial asthma
Cystic Fibrosis
Foreign Body
Recurrent Aspiration (GER, Hiatal Hernia, TEF, Vascular Ring, etc)
URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDER
Ventricular Shunts
Skull Fracture
Midline Sinus Tracts
METABOLIC DISEASE
Diabetes Mellitus
Galactosemia
HEMATOLOGIC DISTURBANCES
Sickle Cell Disease
Leukemia and Lymphomas
Neoplasms
SKIN DISORDERS
Atopic Dermatitis
Burns
*
DISORDERS OF PHAGOCYTIC FUNCTION
CHEMOTAXIS
“Lazy Leukocyte” Syndrome
Familial Neutropenia
Autoimmune Neutropenia of Infancy
Job Syndrome
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
Kartagener Syndrome
INGESTION
Neutropenia
Defective Opsonization
PHAGOCYTE KILLING
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Myeloperoxidade Deficiciency
Leukocyte Glucos-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
DISORDERS OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
C1q Deficiency
C2 Deficiency
C3 and C5 Deficiency
C5 Dysfunction (Leiner Disease)
C6, C7, and C8 Deficiencies
DISORDERS OF ANTIBOY PRODUCTION
Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia
X-Linked Hypogammaglobulinemia
X-Linked Hypogammaglobulinemia with Normal Or Increased Serum IgM
Transcobalamin II Deficiency and Hypogammaglobulinemia
Common Variable Immuno Deficiency
Selective IgM Deficiency
Secondary Immunodeficiencies
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Acquired Immune Deficiency
DISORDERS OF CELULAR IMMUNITY
DiGeorge Syndrome
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Nezelof Syndrome
Immunodeficiency with Short-Limbed Dwarfism
DRUG-RELATED CAUSES
Corticosteroids
Antineoplastics
Antibiotids
CHRONIC INFECTIONS
Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus
Cytomegalovirus
Coxsackie B Virus
Toxoplamosis
Mycoplasma
REFERENCE:
Signs & Symptoms In Pediatrics
2nd Edition, page 85
Tunnessen, Jr
Belly Pain Air Leaks From Lungs Acute Crying Back Pain Bed Wetting Big Lymph Node Big Spleen Blood in Urine Chronic Diarrhea Chest Pain Cough Coughing Up Blood Constipation Droopy Eye Enlarged Glands Eye Swelling Excessive Thrist Facial Paralysis Fainting Spell Feeding Problem GI Bleeding Headache Head Tilt Hives High ESR Hoarseness Joint Pain Limp Leg Pain Muscle Weakness Noisy Breathing Nose Bleeding Nose Obstruction Pyuria Recurrent Infection Red Green Urine Ringing in the Ears Scrotal Swelling Seizures Stiff Neck Swelling of the Parotic Gland Toe Walking Toeing In Toeing Out Unequal Pupils Vomiting Wheezing
Leo Leonidas, MD, FAAP
Assistant Clinical Professor in Pediatrics
Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston
Attending Pediatrician
Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor
BANGOR, MAINE: “First City with EBPP (Evidence Based Pediatrics for Parents) Website”
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